13th June 1917: The deadliest air raid on London of the First World War conducted by German Gotha bombers

162 people were killed and over 400 were injured, including at a school in Upper North Street School in Poplar where a bomb struck during school hours.

4th June 1916: Russian Army begins the Brusilov Offensive on the Eastern Front of the First World War

The Brusilov Offensive is regarded as one of the most effective operations of the war in terms of tactical innovation and initial results as it involved simultaneous attacks across a broad front to prevent Austro-Hungarian forces from concentrating reserves.

26th August 1914: Battle of Tannenberg begins in the early weeks of the First World War between Russian and German forces

Exploiting intercepted Russian radio messages, which had not been encrypted, the Germans were able to anticipate the Russians’ movements and concentrate their forces effectively. By 30 August,  Russian resistance collapsed.

31st July 1917: Battle of Passchendaele begins during the First World War, resulting in one of the muddiest battles of the conflict

The landscape was scarred by craters filled with water and, by the time the battle ended over three months later following the Canadian capture of the village of Passchendaele, there were approximately 500,000 casualties on both sides.

14th July 1915: McMahon-Hussein Correspondence begins, resulting in the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire in World War I

While Hussein believed Britain had agreed to recognise a vast independent Arab state, the British maintained that certain areas were excluded. This ambiguity went on to fuel later tensions and conflict in the Middle East.