While the Battle of White Mountain allowed Ferdinand II to reassert Habsburg control over the region, initiating a harsh re-Catholicization process and stripping the Bohemian nobility of their lands and privileges, the war grew into a pan-European conflict that caused up to 8 million military and civilian deaths.
In his proclamation he also released all the states and princes of the Empire from their oaths of loyalty to him but continued to rule as Francis I, Emperor of Austria.
The Peace of Westphalia confirmed the autonomy of states with the Holy Roman Empire and redefined the borders and sovereignty of numerous European states.
Two Catholic imperial officials and their secretary were thrown out of the window of the Bohemian Chancellery in the Second Defenestration of Prague.
28th June 2015
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