Agreed at the city of Lublin after months of negotiation, the union joined the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single political entity with a single elected monarch and a joint parliament responsible for matters affecting the Commonwealth as a whole.

For many observers, Victoria’s appearance and behaviour during the coronation ceremony contributed positively to perceptions of the monarchy as her youth and visibility contrasted with the image of earlier Hanoverian rulers.

False Dmitry asserted that he was Dmitry Ivanovich, the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible. With support from Polish nobles, mercenaries, and anti-Godunov factions, he entered Russian territory from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1604.