US President Harry S. Truman ordered air and naval forces to assist South Korea against an invasion by North Korea.
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On 11 April 1951, Truman announced that he had removed MacArthur from his command and replaced him with General Matthew Ridgway, emphasising that military leaders must follow policies set by civilian authorities.
North Korean troops launched a surprise and quickly advanced southward to capture Seoul, the capital of South Korea, within days.
Port Arthur was a fortified naval base in the south of Manchuria that had been leased to Russia since 1898.
Kim Il-sung was already the country’s Prime Minister and the First Secretary of the Workers’ Party of Korea, and four years after his death in 1994 he was made Eternal President of the Republic.
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