The French Blue diamond had been part of the royal collection since the seventeenth century, and was stolen by a group of thieves after King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were imprisoned in the Temple.

The decision to end the privileges enjoyed by the nobility and clergy came in the early stages of the French Revolution, during a special session of the National Constituent Assembly of France and resulted in the August Decrees.

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy restructured the Church in France to align with the new administrative divisions of the country, bringing the Church under the control of the state and reducing the influence of the papacy in French ecclesiastical affairs.

On the night of 23 January, a contingent of French cavalry, supported by infantry, was able to approach the Dutch ships across thick ice on horseback.