Britain’s declaration of neutrality recognised the Union and the Confederacy as belligerents, allowing the Confederacy to contract for supplies and commission warships, but it fell short of recognising the Confederacy as a sovereign nation. This protected British interests by avoiding entanglement in the conflict while maintaining the country’s right to trade with both the Union and the Confederacy.
Lincoln’s call for volunteers was part of his effort to maintain the authority of the federal government after several southern states seceded from the Union.
The Battle of Palmito Ranch ended in a Confederate victory. Union private John J. Williams died in the battle, likely making him the last battlefield fatality of the Civil War.
Elected representatives assembled in Austin on January 28, 1861, and four days later on 1 February the convention voted 166 to 8 in favour of secession. The decision was confirmed through a state-wide referendum on 23 February.
Other states soon followed South Carolina’s lead, setting the stage for the American Civil War.
Sherman’s March to the Sea is remembered for brutal tactics that confiscated or destroyed food, livestock, and supplies. Railroads were dismantled, and industry disrupted. The devastation was widespread, and not only limited to military targets. Homes, farms, and civilian infrastructure became casualties of the march.
When news of the interception of a neutral ship reached Britain at the end of November, the government responded angrily.
28th June 2015
11th November 2025
11th November 2025
1st September 2018
9th November 2019
