Chinese officials boarded the Arrow and arrested its crew on suspicion of piracy and smuggling, prompting British authorities to claim that the Chinese had violated the vessel’s British protection, and prompting hostilities.
Balboa’s journey involved battling with native tribes and forging a way through thick jungle, before reaching the mountain range along the Chucunaque River from where he first saw the Pacific Ocean on the morning of 25 September.
The Aztec defence was led by the Emperor Cuauhtémoc but, despite determined resistance, the defenders were gradually overwhelmed and Cuauhtémoc was captured while trying to flee the city.
Sir Stamford Raffles, who had been appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen in modern Indonesia, had identified Singapore as an ideal location for the British East India company due to its natural harbour and strategic position along the Straits of Malacca.
The British plan involved a three-pronged advance into Zululand, with the main column, led by Lord Chelmsford, heading toward the Zulu capital at Ulundi.
They quickly began to construct a triangular fort containing a number of houses alongside a storehouse and a church, which they named James Fort after King James I.
The surprise attack was launched against English settlers by the the Powhatan Confederacy, led by Chief Opechancanough.
On the 13th May 1787, the eleven ships of the “First Fleet” set sail under Captain Arthur Phillip from Portsmouth, England, to establish a penal colony in Australia.
28th June 2015
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